Surah Ali 'Imran (3:28) & Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:51): These verses warn believers against taking awliya (often
translated as "allies," "protectors," or close military/political confidants) from among disbelievers in preference to believers. Mainstream Islamic scholarship and tafsir (commentary) interpret these injunctions in the historical context of early Muslim survival, warfare, and betrayal during armed conflicts, rather than a ban on daily social interactions, business, or neighborly relations.
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